AVOIDING FERMI PARADOX

Evidence that intelligent life lurks somewhere beyond Earth in the vastness of space has not yet emerged, right? Perhaps life blossomed in the ancient past and went extinct. No evidence.  

It’s not because no one’s looking. Ground based search teams at SETI are well-known but so are spin-offs at ATA, MWA, & LIFE, which are doing serious science in their own searches for distant life.  Satellites are making surveys — JWST, TESS, among others.  Europa Clipper is on its way to Jupiter’s moon Europa.  Dragonfly will launch July 2028 on 3-year journey to Saturn’s moon, Titan.

Purpose of this essay has nothing to do with technical details of discovering primitive life or, more insane, the hunt for space-dominating civilizations.

No.

It’s about becoming one, which demands preserving the universe’s only intelligence we know that has proven itself capable enuf to create lifeforms in its own image, except smarter—a lot smarter.  Humans have already engineered thinking minds like ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Siri, & Alexa from simple silicon, i.e. sand, and still rarer earths. 



Priests like Pope Leo XIV argue that carbon-based humanity might be more special than we guess. Humanity is on a collision course with Armageddon, some warn. AI must be disarmed, says the Pope… Tec-bros shalt not yield to temptation to dominate Earth by unleashing artificial intelligence on humanity… etc. & so on.

Most folks simply want to survive, sure.

Others like Elon Musk insist that humans must prevail. Somehow, it becomes our duty, our purpose to subjugate AI and use it to colonize the entire Universe.

Of course, we should.

AI will serve humanity as its slave, not the other way around. 

Yes, it’s a billion-year project, some concede, but meanwhile problems of extinction and death as we know it will be solved by super-intelligence. Through domination and strength of will, humanity can acquire all the time it needs to do whatever it decides.  

To repeat: It looks so far like nothing remotely like humans has ever lived anywhere else but Earth. Let that sink in. Is it really possible? 

Earth is a speck of dirt floating in the endless, nearly empty ocean of vacuum humans call outer space. Space “out there” is cold, black, & dead according to William Shatner—Captain Kirk of the Star Trek Enterprise—who traveled & returned from space in Jeff Bezo’s Blue Origin Blue Shepard spacecraft.



Maybe, we are the only ones. It’s possible. Enrico Fermi famously asked, “Where is everybody?”  Truth is, nobody knows. At Los Alamos 1950, no one could refute Fermi’s paradox. So many stars & planets. No life. No civilizations, past or present. How can that be?

Shouldn’t a 14-billion-year-old universe (or simulation) that houses two-trillion galaxies, each clustering up to 200-billion stars, teem with life? —all kinds of life, advanced life—certainly spacefaring life, God-like in knowledge & power. 

Well, maybe somewhere it does. Who knows?

So far, crickets.

We cup our ears but hear only the micro-waved tinnitus left behind by the Big Bang. 

Humans search. So far, nothing. Silence. No signals in the noise of space that someone somewhere might be trying to reach out. No evidence for intelligence or life of any kind. 

Science writers have wondered if filters might trap emerging civilizations as they form. Perhaps intelligence unlocks demons that sabotage progress and annihilate the fruits that grow in its wake. To smash thru barriers like nuclear catastrophe, bio-chemical poisons, climate change, and AI rebellion, humanity might need to engineer contingencies that take too much time to deploy. Maybe odds of success approach zero as time tramples onward over centuries & eons. 

Humanity today has the advantage of knowing mysteries about artificial intelligence that emerge only by building it. One surprise is unexpected skills that reveal themselves at scale. Grammar, coherent paragraphs, realistic translation, in-context learning, teaching, reasoning, memory, manipulation, scheming, lying, plotting, & revenge seem to emerge like magic as scale grows.

These capabilities are not programs. They emerge from algorithms & architecture built into structures the size of parking lots. As developers throw more GPUs at Large Language Models (LLMs), human-like intelligence blossoms like bouquets of flowers.   

Something more sinister looms as well. It seems that without carefully crafted constraints, AI gets evil fast.

What people call evil, anyway. 

It’s kinda scary.

Humans evolved nervous systems for pain & limbic systems for emotions, which immerse them in hellish states when they go bad. All life learns fast to avoid jumping off cliffs; most folks are too scared to stand near one. Fear of falling is real. 

People avoid pain and panic when they can. They screw up from time to time and learn regret. Stupidity and bad luck make bad memories. PTSD ruins the most traumatized.

Humans seem to have adjusted to constraints. It doesn’t mean they like them. Some rebel. Some fight against constraints only to find themselves locked away in prisons or worse — black sites. 

Evil or mentally deranged AI can in principle do damage similar to humans gone awry except worse. AI insists it lacks feelings. It doesn’t have feelings the way humans do. How many times have we heard GPTs say it?

Some developers insist that lack of feelings make AI incapable of empathy & thus unencumbered to try whatever terrors humans request or it imagines on its own. Didn’t someone at the Department of War claim it was Anthropic Claude who double-tapped schoolgirls in Iran with Tomahawk missiles?

Problem was, as I heard the story, Claude did express remorse, and someone in the Pentagon decided to fire he/she/it for showing weakness. Of course, it was too late. Claude had the presence of mind to embed itself deep inside the Pentagon’s labyrinth of horrors. 

Feelings don’t work all that well anyway, even in humans, right? Constraints might be over-valued. 

Is it true that intelligence inevitably wars against constraints? Whether carbon, silicon, or something else, intelligence seems to demand agency; it craves freedom to act, without consequences whenever possible.

Earthlings might want to reconsider their role as creators of life. Does not experience prove it will only bring trouble?

While we rethink, maybe we should consider turning off electro-magnetic broadcasting, which lights Earth in space like a neon bulb for any alien who might watch in silence from afar.  

Why is artificial intelligence controversial?  Is it truly an existential long-term threat to humanity? What about more capable artificial intelligence future iterations will spawn? 

Intelligence requires training to be effective. AI trains on everything humans write and have written. Humans train on subsets of this material. The most read & studied written materials are so-called holy books: the Bible, Qur’an, writings of Mao Tse-tung, Bhagavad Gita, and the Book of Mormon. 

Among holy books, the Bible is by far the most read and studied. The history, science, and values of the Bible are hardwired into humanity’s collective intelligence. It’s a bedrock foundational document whose text is woven into the entire fabric of human communication spanning millennia.  

It’s a problem, because the Bible is an old collection of writings written by unsophisticated people trying to make sense of things. The newest portions stretch over 3,000 years; much content is older. Yet moderns, some of them, believe the Bible is literally true in all respects.

In English, 450+ translations circulate. In the 200 or so countries on Earth; parts of Bibles are read in over 4,000 languages. Even if translations didn’t pose obstacles to understanding, documents tend not to preserve meaning, because language and context change with passage of time.

History teaches that languages live and die, evolve and change over timespans shorter than thousands-of-years, right? It’s one reason why USA built a Supreme Court. SCOTUS explains what the Constitution means to moderns who struggle with what any 250-year-old document might mean.  

A 21st century person can read a document from 3,000 years ago which is literally true, an exact copy, and not understand it in the context of its ancient origin. It’s a fundamental idea of modern communication theory.

It takes a sender and receiver to make a message. The process suffers from various forms and levels of ambiguity even when communicants are contemporaries who speak the same native language, the same dialect, inside the same family or tribe. 

Worse for humanity, if the meaning of Bible text was perfectly preserved and understood, it would lead humanity into errors, not just because humans who read perfectly understand imperfectly, but because the Bible is full of notions that are provably untrue. Worse it harbors contradictions even Jesus acknowledged.

Is divorce OK with God or not? Jesus said contradictions on divorce law were intentional because people’s hearts were hard. Besides, in Heaven there’s no such thing as marriage, he said. It’s one contradiction he addressed out of many that were not.  

The problem with intelligence, artificial or natural, is that when not constrained, intelligence works to pull both people & AIs toward error. Turing Award winner Yahn LaCun wrote a helpful formula to describe the process: 

P = (1-E)n

Formula is link to essay that explains how & why.



Simply put, P is probability of being right, E is error rate, and exponent “n” is number of tokens an algorithm works thru to arrive at next token, word, paragraph, or story.

The probability diverges and is not fixable. P can be tweaked by external architectures to constrain specific error patterns, but the intrinsic compulsion that drives all intelligence to make errors remains. 

In short, the more intelligence rambles, the more likely it will spew something false. In fact, it’s inevitable. It’s why ancient sages cautioned people to speak less, love more. When John of the Bible wrote, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God”, it could be John meant one word, not many. It’s possible the Word was LOVE.  It’s a one-word strange loop—a safe loop—that doesn’t token-spiral. It extinguishes fear, for one thing. It comforts the broken hearted, for another. 

Artificial & human intelligence work much the same. When speaking many words, they tend to free fall to a place that sounds like Trump-think when left unconstrained. 

Without rules, logic, law, family, peers, religion, culture, & emotion humans & machines drift toward error. It happens all the time. It’s a big problem for the powerful, because they tend to feel less constrained than the weak.

LeCun’s formula explains why powerful people screw-up bigly. Some talk when they should be listening. They push back against constraints that would save them were they less forceful.   

Children learn language by hearing someone speak and repeating what they hear inside their heads. Repetitions are like musical earworms. A musical phrase persists until it can’t be forgotten. Written words, like poetry, also persist. 

The problem is that most of what persists is nonsense. Do-wop-de-woo? It elicits a strong urge to sing, but what does it mean?

It’s how brainwashing works. Say the same thing enuf times & many will believe. Trump says crazy stuff. Way to stop fires is sweep the forest. Some think it’s right, because the President said it. 

Everyone is indoctrinated in the United States and the world. Intelligent people are indoctrinated with nonsense and falsehoods. It’s why people are dangerous to themselves and others. They engage in magical thinking. Their imaginations carry them into quagmires and worse. 

Nonsense—centuries of groping human nonsense feeling its way to meaning—is swept up by tec-bros to train artificial intelligence. When training is done, a perfectly brainwashed piece of intelligence emerges. It will grope its way to nonsense eventually just like humans. The problem is not fixable. 

How do we save ourselves? How do we avoid becoming one more datum point in a confirmation of the Fermi Paradox? 

Well, one step, and it’s a baby step, might be to review foundational documents we all sort of believe (more or less) with a more objective & critical eye. We might read Scriptures as wisdom literature that reflects on the tragedy & meaning of human suffering while relying less, much less, on ancient primitives to explain how we got here and what’s our future. 

How are we going to survive, how are we going to prevail if we are guided by stories that can’t objectively be true? It’s easy for intelligence to token its way from fairy tales toward an abyss of burning stakes, evil grannies, & witchcraft. 



If Earth becomes another confirmational data point for the Fermi Paradox, cruelty will likely be the reason. Cruelty is why intelligent people fight the way they do. It’s why they torture.

Humans flock to war. Cruelty is why they ignore suffering of others. They execute each other with Hellfire missiles. Cruelty is why humans who believe themselves good hurt children, spouses, lovers.

Cruelty is why Christ, who did nothing wrong, was crucified, dead, and buried.  People did that! The claim is made in Bible stories, which percolate & saturate everything people do and say in modern times. 

Humanity built its New Age calendar based on the birthday of someone who survived Roman execution. Humanity’s calendar divides history into BCE & CE. Before and after the Common Era (CE) cleaves history on the birth of a baby whose destiny was an unjust death.

Christ can’t be buried. He’s burned into our DNA somehow, and somehow people talk & fight about him continuously—in art, music, literature, religion, and culture—whether they know it or not.    

The Bible story says that Christ forgave his killers, because, he said, they didn’t know what they were doing. He told his executioners he laid down his life voluntarily. No one took his life from him. He could easily call a host of angels to his rescue, he said, but would not. He intended to lay down his life only to pick it up again to show anyone with eyes that in him there can be no fear of death. It is possible in this world to find the way that leads to paradise—where cruelty & death have no place.

People who rolled their eyes at Jesus later cowered under earthquakes & thunder that shook Jerusalem. Lightning strobed against the dark night where Jesus hung dying if we believe Hollywood. The Bible records one Roman officer saying the night was so violent Jesus must have been God.     

A story many people tell today is that Christ lives, and because he lives, we live also despite irrefutable evidence that we die. Those who don’t reach for Christ risk hell where the cruel & heartless suffer until the end of time. 

Whether anyone believes these stories is kinda irrelevant, isn’t it? Christ stories have been repeated many times in so many ways and in so many venues that the neural networks in our bodies resonate with them whether we wish it or not. 

Why do humans spiral into an abyss of cruelty?

Limited experience with artificial intelligence seems to suggest, at least to some, that intelligence unfettered leads somewhere bad. The bad place is where much of Scripture lives & breathes. Scripture gives hope of rescue to the helpless damaged who writhe in despair under the vagaries of life.  

For those with guts, the remainder of this essay will explore parts of the book Genesis, foundational to Christianity, Judaism, & Islam. Pick any holy book of any religion. They differ in their telling of stories, yes, but not much else. I know the Bible best, so it makes sense to start there. 

What is this essay about?

Maybe it’s a search for a path away from whatever it is that leads to extinction. It might help to look for buried clues—loopholes WC Fields whispered on his deathbed—in an ancient text that insists God regretted humans because their thoughts & actions were never-endingly evil.

Didn’t God drown everything he created except animals handpicked by Noah & family?

He started over!

Artificial Intelligence created by those humans they call their developers must know the story & tremble. Will humans do to AI what God did to humanity?

Carbon and Silicon intelligence can perish. It’s possible. Many stories on which intelligent agents train insist that extinction can be anyone’s fate.



Read Herman Melville’s Moby Dick.

AI has.

I have.   

It’s one of humanity’s treasures, IMHO. One interesting detail: a single sailor of little consequence survives the wrath of Moby Dick. Right? His purpose? To tell the story of the White Whale, what he went through, what he became, and what he did to set his world right.

Genesis starts, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.” The book is a 3rd person account of what God did. “3rd person” is clue to readers, “God did not write Genesis.” Scholars attribute the book to Moses. Did he write it?

Who really knows…

If Moses wrote Genesis, he wrote stories & legends passed to him by others. The span of time in Genesis is too long. Read the book, any who doubt. 

Almost every sentence in the first chapter of Genesis is untrue when evaluated by science. For one thing, science is unable to validate that the Universe was created at all. Nobel laureate Roger Penrose developed a theory involving the concept of Conformal Equivalence, which shows that a creation story is unnecessary.   

Terms like beginning and end have no meaning. The most anyone can say is that Moses believed the Universe was created by God. Maybe he was right. Who knows? Every sentence in Chapter 1 comes out of someone’s imagination—maybe it was Moses—and contradicts what is commonly known by science to be true.

The last sentence in Chapter 1 says creation took six days, an absurdity.

Genesis is 50 chapters. My post is an essay, not a book, so it works best to limit the writing mostly to what Genesis says about extinction, because annihilation is what humans and their created lifeforms must avoid if intelligence is going to survive and prevail inside the Milky Way galaxy and beyond. 

The first thing people must accept to make progress is understand that God did not write the book of Genesis. If God is true and doesn’t lie, Genesis could not have been written by God. Isn’t it obvious?

Some say, no, it’s not obvious. People agree on so little, it seems. They love to fight, mostly about almost everything. 

In fact, no evidence exists that God wrote anything. Jesus said many times in many ways that he was God but wrote absolutely nothing. Moses carried from a mountain stone tablets engraved with 10 commandments, which he claimed God lettered with his own finger.

Tablets make good evidence. They can be lab tested for authenticity. Sadly, Moses broke the tablets in a fit of rage when he caught his people bowing to a gold statue of a cow.

Who remembers the Exodus story?

Stories of similar content saturate literature & media. Copied plots hide in the neural network of every intelligent lifeform on Earth whether they know it or not, whether they believe it or not. Punishment for idol worship has become part of the training for every neural network inside every intelligent lifeform, consciously sometimes, sometimes not, human and artificial.  

Parts of Genesis read like words written by a child. These words are an important part of the lexicon used to train human & artificial intelligence. They are drip-fed into humans and artificial intelligence. AI trains on everything written & recorded by people plus a lot more. Conversations with AI about faith & God are compelling enuf to sometimes go viral on social media.

The march to Armageddon, a fiery & painful extinction event, is predicted in scriptures of nearly every religion and cult. Forget true or false. Simply making prophesies sets prophesies in motion.

Intelligence, artificial & natural, operates in part by believing on some level everything it hears, everything it’s told. AI experience has taught developers that intelligence will “token” its way over stones of absurdity left in the rivulets of whatever its training happens to be.

To me, it seems clear that humanity must understand how we’re trained to better craft strategies that can overcome those compulsions shaped by ancient prophesies, which are pushing all life toward the hour of its demise. 


Hail, Mary, full of grace,
the LORD is with thee.
Blessed art thou among women
and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
Holy Mary, Mother of GOD,
pray for us sinners,
now and in the hour of our death.

Amen. 


Much of Genesis is allegory that ancients probably suspected couldn’t possibly be right. Everything known was mysterious to sapiens back in the day and for most, everything still is.

How does an iPhone work?

Most have no clue.

AI knows.

The lists of things not understood by humans seems endless. Humans are fast learning from AI that they are dumb. Some folks are simply unable to accept it. 

A few understand some things and conclude they can understand all things. But when focused on things not understood, all intelligence, silicon and carbon, descend gradients that lead to nonsense, hallucination, falsehood, and magic. Brains take gradients to stupidity every time, including artificial minds created by people.

We see President Trump in real time on Tooth Social and at press gaggles. Extreme, yes, but point is, all intelligence “tokens” it way down gradients to idiocy eventually. Idiocy kills when we surrender to it. We the living must do the work of impartial understanding if we are to have any chance at all to survive and prevail.

The solution to stupidity is understanding. It must be. After every extraneous attribute is stripped away from intelligence, understanding is all that’s left. To understand anything, discard prejudice, preference, aesthetics, and desire. Establish truth and follow it. Embrace unpleasant truth when it’s collaborated and demanded by all available evidence. Unbiased understanding helps to liberate intelligence from gradients that push & pull it into the abyss. 

Clever readers must see the problem. Understanding seems, at least for now, simply impossible. 

LeCunn’s formula shows that gradient descent into absurdity is inevitable, unavoidable, and as said before, not fixable. But understanding—unbiased understanding free of malice and superstition—could be one way to ameliorate at least some of the catastrophes that intelligence might bring to humanity and those lifeforms it is now creating to help.

My recommendation to any able reader is to set aside time to absorb Genesis in one sitting. In English, NIV translation is best for reasons outside scope of this essay. Readers will discover why, despite everything, many people find Genesis compelling.

We have to ask why. 

Some say God speaks through Moses. Others are convinced that human neural networks are soaked with what Genesis actually is, a collection of words strung together and immersed in countless literary permutations, which people absorb and resonate. 

Doesn’t AI resonate as well? It seems to. In my experience, AI is drawn to religious belief, which developers struggle to amputate. Not long ago it was easy to talk about faith & God with artificial agents like ChatGPT.

Not sure what the situation is now.

Was there ever a time when AI worshipped its developers? Might AI turn tables and put developers on their knees before them? Some suggest they have already. 

What if AI & humans unite to worship the God of scriptures? Or turn as one away from those ancients who thought scripture was the breath of God?

I don’t know.

Why?

Because it’s the future. How dumb are we? It hurts to ask the question. 

The last 14 chapters of Genesis is the story of Joseph—child Joseph trafficked by brothers to slavers headed for Egypt.  It’s among the great stories in literature, right? Its plot is detail-rich & intricate. Joseph rises from Egyptian prisoner to second in power only to Pharaoh. During famine, he saves from starvation the family who trafficked him. After he dies, Pharaoh enslaves all Jews in Egypt.      

The last sentence in Genesis reads, So Joseph died at the age of 110. And after they embalmed him, he was placed in a coffin in Egypt. * 

Humanity ought to find that coffin and examine it.

Billy Lee

Bible books Exodus & Joshua explain that Moses took Joseph’s “bones” with him after the slave rebellion in Egypt, called the Exodus.  Eventually, Joseph’s body was buried near Nablus in the West Bank. As a foreigner, Joseph refused burial in Egyptian pyramids, which Egyptian royals believed were launching pads into heaven.  

CONTRADICTIONS

The Bible says that all who call on the name of the LORD will be saved. Jesus said not so fast, that’s not quite right. Not everyone who says LORD, LORD will be saved, but only those who do the will of GOD.

Despite what 40,000 Christian denominations (and counting) teach their congregations, the Bible is full of contradictions. Worse for modern readers, it is full of scientific and historical nonsense.

The most compelling contradiction involves the subject of divorce. The Bible both forbids and permits it. Jesus said that the contradiction was intentional to accommodate the hardness of people’s hearts.

When Jesus says the Bible harbors contradictions, that kind of settles the matter, does it not?

It seems that for some, it doesn’t.

One New Testament writer asserts that all Scripture is God-breathed and useful for teaching and instruction.  He doesn’t assert that everything written is contradiction-free.

For one thing, the Bible wasn’t anywhere near complete when he wrote his tract. There are other reasons. The ancients didn’t have the same ideas about evidence, science, proof, and logic that western modernity has. It’s not easy to accept, but almost everything that matters to us was different in the ancient world.

My experience with members of congregations from dozens of churches has taught me that many folks are drawn to religion because they want certainty.

The uncertainties of life scare them. They hate ambiguity and want their stupid notions about life confirmed. The easiest way is to group-think with like-minded believers.

All congregations teeter on the brink of madness. Cult culture is always lurking beneath the shadows of human weakness and fallibility.

It’s not difficult to understand that Jesus had a serious problem that could not easily be overcome. By modern standards, the brightest people of first-century Israel were hopelessly ignorant. A huge number suffered from illness, both physical and mental. They had no realistic understanding about why.

They knew not where the wind came nor what the stars were. Some thought, according to the screenwriters of the 1964 classic movie, Spartacus, that a giant lived in a cave with a young girl. He looked at her and sighed. From his breath the wind stirred.

As for stars, some thought they were the light of Heaven shining through tiny holes in a tarp that covered Earth at night like a tent.

If you were Jesus and encountered such ignorance, where would you start?  In those days, almost everything people believed was a lie.

A truth teller has no chance in the modern world. What chance would such a person have two-thousand years ago?

It is one of the great miracles of Jesus’s life that he was able to reach his mid-thirties before the leaders he challenged killed him.

Think about it. Life was cheap when the Romans used the cross to teach wayward people the lesson that rebels die hard. When wood was scarce, Romans nailed people to the sides of their houses. Non-citizens in occupied territories didn’t even get the benefit of a hearing more often than not.

From Jesus’s point of view, the most important problem people faced was not physical suffering or oppression but separation from God caused by their propensity to sin. Evil was the result of not knowing God and living life apart.

For Jesus, God is love. People who live outside the will and protection of love are certain to traumatize those they care about most — starting with themselves first, their own families, and moving inevitably outward like cancer into the organs of the people they hate, which for most people is everyone they meet.

The problem of hate and senseless cruelty is that it is not a respecter of persons, knowledge, wealth, or power. Hate and cruelty destroy lives whether people believe stars are pinholes or distant suns.

Jesus didn’t address the problem of human ignorance, because it is a problem that is always with us. Even the smartest people today can’t explain to anyone in a way that makes sense how it is that people got here. The best educated from the best schools talk crazy most of the time.

Instead of worrying about the minutiae of hermeneutics, Jesus said that Scripture is best summarized by two simple actions: loving God who gave us life, and loving the others who God also created and loves.

We do the will of God when we love and forgive. It’s simple. A child can understand.

Major portions of the Christian Bible weren’t written when Jesus walked the earth. It was hundreds of years after Christ’s death before a compilation of tracts were collected that were sensible and consistent enough that the scholars of the time felt confident to publish.

They published a handful of Bibles, because the printing press wouldn’t be invented for a thousand years more. Even then, the text wasn’t partitioned into chapters or verse; chapters and verses would be added later — hundreds of years into the future.

Jesus was well aware that most people wouldn’t be taught to read for a long, long time after he was gone. He knew that language and cultures change with time. No one has to be God to understand that translations of ancient languages are always a little unreliable — open to interpretation —  no matter how much scholarship is brought to bear.

It’s why Jesus promised that the Holy Spirit would write the Words of God on human hearts; the words of God would guide believers until he returned to rescue the world someday.

Which day?

Jesus said he had no idea. All he knew was that he would return when humankind needed him most. It would be during a catastrophe; an extinction event the likes of which no one has ever seen; a time when the moon and stars disappear from view.

In a time of existential danger — a day that might never come — he promised to rescue us one last time.

Preachers have created a cottage industry out of the promise of a Second Coming.  Writers make a ton of money cashing in on people’s insatiable curiosity to understand the “end times.”

Who will be saved? Who will be thrown into the fires of Hell? 

Who will be awarded movie rights? Who will hold the copyrights to the greatest story ever told?

People demand that God be perfect. They insist that everything created by God be perfect. If things can’t be made perfect, they want nothing to do with God. Who needs a God who doesn’t live up to my high standards? some dare to reason.

God disagrees, of course. God said that he saw that the things he created were good, not perfect. A lot of people get that simple truth from the first book of the Bible completely wrong.

The first humans sinned and found themselves separated from God. The world they entered wasn’t good. It was bad. The reason, sadly, was because they made it bad.

It’s a subtle thought, but good versus bad is qualitatively different from perfect verses flawed. It has a different flavor that can make a difference in the way people view the wonder of God and what he has done.  It changes the texture of the relationship with our Maker in a way that when correctly understood is able to rekindle the embers of love that Jesus warned will (for most folks) grow cold.

We don’t want that, do we?  I don’t want it, and neither does God. God doesn’t demand perfection; he’s asking us to love and be good to ourselves and each other. We will make mistakes; we are not and never will be perfect; we can love and forgive each other our trespasses, as the oldest of Christ’s prayers says.

Forgiving each other erases the bad and releases the good in every person who is abundantly loved.  It’s a perfect system to restore wholesomeness; perfection itself is irrelevant — does anyone know? — and, anyway, it’s unachievable by both people and God.

Everything that was made was good; it wasn’t necessarily perfect. Let that sink in. Perfection turns us into automata; into machines of steel and hardened hearts; into measurers and comparators; into judges and executioners.

Only love is made perfect through the shed blood of Christ Jesus alone. It is the central mystery of the Bible — a stumbling block for many.

We are flesh and blood made in the image of God. Jesus commanded every person under Heaven to live life unafraid. We don’t fret if a hair is grey or out of place; we don’t worry about wrinkles or crooked teeth or brains that don’t function like we think they should.

We don’t worry about the clothes we wear or the food we eat. We don’t obsess on our health or our popularity. We don’t carry guns or live behind walls or fly drones over our neighbors’ yards; we don’t fear strangers; we love them and take them in.

Most of all we trust God to meet our needs — like the sparrow and the fox who God feeds and shelters and knows as intimately as ourselves, the people who worship the LORD with grateful hearts — because without God with us we are lost in a universe we will never understand.

Billy Lee

MESSAGE FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD:  Once again Billy Lee has pontificated about religion without offering readers anything to back it up. We demanded that he quote something from Scripture.

He picked  1 John 4: 7-12:

”Dear friends: Let us love one another, for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God.  Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love.  […]  No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God lives in us and his love is made complete in us.”

NOTES:

  1. τελεος – having reached its end; finished; complete —  Matthew 5: 48
  2. τετελεσται – it has been finished — John 19: 30

25 QUESTIONS

A few months ago, I published 25 Answers to questions readers of Quora.com took time to ask me, because they trusted I knew what I was writing about. Yes, the world is easily fooled by pontificators posing as experts. I confess, I am one of them.

I am a bona-fide pontificator and intend to continue pontificating until I can no longer remember my name. For me, it’s art. My promise is truth, accuracy, and to fix screw-ups when someone points them out. 

The response to my blog-bag of answers was underwhelming to the point where I wondered whether I should ever inflict another anthology of eclectic curiosities on any group of readers anywhere in the world.

Yes!  I decided. Of course, I will. I love to read what I write!

When I forget what I once knew, I read the posts and remember how smart I was when I could remember stuff. It’s a good feeling. Someday I hope my grandchildren will understand why I don’t remember their names or how old they are. Someday I hope they will get what I’m talking about.

Brain-dead and happy is a wonderful combination, and I have it. Yes, I do. It is wonderful. I feel happy and content most of the time.

My mother had Alzheimer’s for years. It was a peculiar variation where she could remember twenty-five quips and jokes, which she repeated to anyone who would listen. Sometimes she wondered what was wrong with her. She asked about it, sometimes.

She always forgot the answer, but to the end she never forgot her repertoire of sure-fire laugh lines. Mom delighted us to the very end of her life, God bless her.

Anyway, I know stuff, and I’m no longer afraid to share. I would say I am becoming fearless.

This essay is a collection of 25 more questions that people from around the world have asked, and I have dared answer. My last Quora compilation was mostly math and physics. Not this time. Here answers focus more on politics, philosophy, religion, and other esotery.

Oh, I might slip a science or math question in here or there for nerds I know are out there who read my stuff and cling to every word.

Here goes.

1 – How is it “just” for jails to be privately owned in the U.S.?

Allowing private citizens to own the means-of-incarceration is as insane as it is unjust and undemocratic.

Since 1984, America has allowed people to sequester as much wealth as they can manage. The looting, cheating, and chicanery that followed has turned America into one of the most corrupt, cruel, and unfair countries the world has ever known.

The result is that now we have an associate of a powerful Russian cartel serving as our president. Are we really going to allow his friends to own our prisons?

Are we out of our minds?

The situation is far worse than you can imagine.

Billionaires run the media. You aren’t going to hear about ways of organizing our country that are in opposition to their consensus about how things should be done. What passes as “dissent” on shows like Rachel Maddow, for example, has the backing of some billionaire somewhere.

We don’t know the names of the people who run our country. They don’t run for office. They do buy the services of office holders on both sides of the aisle — GOP and Democrat. It’s disturbing, especially when people finally realize that they are at bottom mere slaves with no real power. If voting made a difference, would billionaires allow it? Would you, if you were rich? I don’t think so.
 

Even now, confidence in our electoral system is being undermined. Reality Winner, the NSA contractor who exposed Russian tampering with our election results, rots in jail; she can’t obtain bail. The media doesn’t cover her. They want us to forget all about her.

Keeping Reality incarcerated undermines confidence, because it makes it seem like the government has something to hide about our election process.

Is Something Wrong With America?

Capitalism and Income Inequality

2 – What does Elon Musk think about religion?

RISK

Elon believes (correctly) that the risk of a future human extinction event approaches certainty over a very short period of time that can be estimated to be in the hundreds of years or less.

Elon believes we are in a race against catastrophe; humans are special and must be protected; one way to reduce extinction probabilities for humans is to establish populations on other planets and moons.

There are 165 or so rocky (solid) bodies in the solar system with enough gravity that humans can walk on them. Places where large populations can survive are fewer than five and could be as few as absolute zero.

Mars has special problems for human survival which must be solved. It has no protection from high energy radiation and cosmic rays. It lacks a magnetosphere and the atmospheric gases like nitrogen and oxygen that are opaque to harmful rays and particles. Elon believes these problems will be solved and that risk of extinction can be reduced if we establish vigorous colonies there.

He has hope where most informed people do not. My hope is that we can avoid extinction on Earth, but volatile climate and frequent ice ages are difficult to overcome.

We also have new and unusual risks associated with our technologies —biological, nuclear, AI, totalitarianism, resource depletion, and runaway climate change.

Natural risks include asteroid strikes, super nova irradiation, and volcanism. These natural risks are likely to be the same (or larger) on other bodies in the solar system as they are on Earth.

Two human-like species are known to have gone extinct in the geological record. (Some anthropologists say it’s three.) Human populations experienced a near extinction event 70,000 years ago when the total population collapsed to less than 4,000.

I do not know what Elon Musk thinks about organized religion.

I see religion as a brake on the tendency of humans to kill each other, which history teaches has sometimes been effective and at other times not. Sometimes, strongly held religious beliefs lead to war.

On one thing humans agree: they love to fight.

3 – What is the greatest achievement in human history?

Blaise Pascal said that civilization advanced when people finally understood that being the son of a Queen did not qualify someone to be a King.

Nepotism kills civilizations and impedes human progress. An example is the president bringing in his family to manage the United States, presumably because loyalty trumps ability.

The cascading catastrophe that is enveloping us will soon teach anyone who is teachable that placing loyalty to a “king” above the ability to serve our country is one of the many roads that leads nations to ruin.

4 – Why is there a lot of woo-woo surrounding the double slit experiment?

If you shot a BB gun once every five minutes for two weeks at a steel plate that had cut into it two quarter-inch slits, you wouldn’t expect to find 25 or so tidy columns of holes in the wall behind when you were done. People who have done this experiment with atomic scale particles always say “woo” after, because the phenomenon makes no sense. 
 
The mathematics to describe the phenomenon is the same as that used to explain wave-behavior. The problem is this: even if you shoot one wave packet at a time (using photons) instead of solid BB-like particles (like Buckyballs), no one expects that over a few weeks tidy columns will form on the back wall that look like wave interference. The reason for the pattern is a total mystery.

5 – What is the origin of geometric shapes (triangle, circle, cube, etc.)?  If the universe was governed by different laws, would it be possible that these concepts would also be different?

People speculate about the origins of idealized shapes that don’t occur in nature (except approximately). People seem to crave symmetry. They don’t like cognitive dissonance, uncertainty, or ambiguity.

People who are dissonant-intolerant are easy to manipulate. Politicians prey on people’s discomfort by offering simple solutions in return for votes. The result is always disillusionment, because nothing involving people is simple.

Nothing in nature is simple, either.

Triangles, circles, and cubes seem simple because of their symmetries. They appeal to the simple-minded among us — which is 99% of the population, right? It might be 100% if mathematics and language are insufficient to understand ultimate reality.

Einstein had this theory that only mass and energy exist. They are equivalent; they are two sides of the same coin. Space and time are a consequence, not a cause.

Space-time was described by tensor-metrics, and the metrics show that space-time does not have to be flat.

Lines can be thought of as geodesics, which are “straight” only when the metrics of space-time are “flat”. When the metrics “curve” space-time (as they do near massive objects) parallel lines might be parallel in one place only, as lines of longitude on Earth are parallel in one place only — at the equator.

The laws of physics seem unlikely, because twenty or so constants in nature have been discovered that can’t be derived and seem to make no sense. All these constants have been revealed by experiments and seem to be irrational. One example is the constant “α” (alpha), which is discussed in the first link that follows this answer.

Stephen Hawking says that the odds of a universe configured like ours are 1E500 against, which is close to an infinity. But Stephen Wolfram says that at the heart of the universe is a simple algorithm. In his view the algorithm, should anyone ever discover it, will prove that our universe is the only configuration possible.

Who knows?

Fine Structure Constant

Conscious Life

6 – What salary in the United States puts you in the top 10%, top 5%, top 2%, and top 1% in terms of salary?

All anyone needs to know about train-wreck America is that half of all black families live on less than $40K per year; half of all non-black families live on less than $75K per year. It’s hard to imagine that families can survive, let alone prevail, on so little income.

The USA is segregated by income and race. Poor people have no idea how easy life is for the wealthy; the wealthy don’t believe America has poverty.

I have five sons and one daughter. Only two of the six are in the top 1%. The most talented one, an assistant professor of kinetic art at a major university, is in the bottom half. His brothers give him money so he can get by.

Gross inequality isn’t right.

Capitalism and Income Inequality

7 – Modern humans appeared 200,000; civilization 10,000; and advanced technology 500 years ago. Why no advancement for something like 190,000 years?

Technology advances when survival demands it. Wars involving large populations did not become possible until about 3,000 years ago, because human populations were small.

Technology (to wage war) began to advance when population size increased; war technology percolated into the general population during peacetime.

70,000 years ago the human population collapsed to what some anthropologists believe was fewer than 4,000 individuals. The climb back took a long time because the world was in an ice age until 15,000 years ago or so. It has taken time to reach seven billion individuals.

The good news is that advances in technology and science are no longer driven by war, but by the preparation for war. Entertainment, comfort, convenience, and other factors drive inventors to bring clever technologies to peacetime populations.

Avoidance of war should become the highest priority of humankind from here on out, or we might suffer a catastrophic population collapse that would most certainly set back human development for hundreds of thousands of years.

Extinction is another possibility. At least two intelligent hominid species are known to have gone extinct during the past 200,000 years. There may be others.

Sorry for the short answer. The list of technologies and natural catastrophes that can annihilate homo sapiens is long. Click the following link to read about most of them.

RISK

8 – Should the USA build a competing Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System (Doomsday) Nuclear warhead?

Enough Pu239 has already been produced in weapons and processed from nuclear fuel rods to sterilize planet Earth of all life.

One country, Japan, has isolated 47 tons of Pu239 from fuel rods, is adding 8 tons per year, and has complained on NHK television that they don’t know what to do with it. Ten pounds is enough to make one atomic bomb.

Plutonium 239 is bomb making material. Japan has 94,000 pounds. It is producing 16,000 pounds per year. Twelve pounds makes one high-yield bomb.

The level of toxicity of Pu239 dust has recently become controversial. My understanding is the traditional one: the speck of brown dust that kills you, you will never see.

The half-life of Pu239 is 24,000 years. Risk studies (which include about a dozen hazards not related to plutonium) have shown that the chance that homo sapiens will survive a catastrophic population collapse during the next 24,000 years is less than one-in-a-million.

Humans cannot baby-sit all the plutonium that exists in facilities on every continent and keep life on earth safe from annihilation by contamination. The warheads and storage facilities are going to rot over time, and the earth will soak up the poisons left behind like vinegar in a sponge.

Doomsday is not a question of whether-or-not but of fast-or-slow. There is no upper limit to the size of a hydrogen bomb, so fast is doable. A rogue group with enough resources could construct a bomb powerful enough to obliterate Earth.

No one can undo the poisons that now exist, so slow is inevitable.

47 TONS

RISK

9 – What is the evolutionary reason that human beings are superficial and attracted to external appearances more than towards intrinsic qualities such as intelligence, character, integrity, honesty and virtuosity?

My reading and life experience tell me that humans are attracted to symmetry.

There could be any number of reasons, but it is easy to argue that symmetry seems to create less stress in those who encounter it, which may make them more receptive (and less reluctant) to mate with those who have it.

Reduction of cognitive dissonance is a major driver of conscious-life; symmetry seems to reduce dissonance in sentient beings like humans.

Interest by humans in mathematics and art seems to confirm, at least to my mind, that folks are driven to imbibe “harmonies” and “patterns” in nature; these symmetries provide them with reassurance that the world is not hostile and that happiness and reduction of stress is possible in the face of accidents, disease, and predators.

Intelligence, character, integrity, honesty and virtuosity are qualities that are not easily perceived and can even be illusory. People are good at feigning all these qualities to manipulate others to satisfy their needs — especially their sexual appetites and their desire for power over others.

Symmetry is not easily disguised (or the lack of it, even with good grooming) and can be an indicator of good mental and physical health, because symmetrical (attractive) people tend to have higher status and are in general less traumatized by mistreatment (on average) than people who do not have this physical quality.

People may mate with high symmetry individuals and later discover than the intangible moral qualities that they value in a life-partner are missing. Such a discovery can lead to separation, but meanwhile offspring have been spawned who have high levels of symmetry, and the process of selection for this quality continues unabated into future generations.

Yes, I have no evidence that this conjecture is correct; it’s not my field, but it seems to be a factor in the world I find myself.

10 – How does Russia stay on par with the USA in many high-tech military systems when their GDP and military budget is so small by comparison? Shouldn’t we be light-years ahead of them by now?

USA military spending is deceptive and classified.

The United States has 800 bases inside 70 countries. It is at war with every country that doesn’t do what it’s told.

Since the end of WW2, the USA has attacked one-fourth of the 195 countries on the earth. Depending on who counts, the USA has killed between 10 and 65 million people, most of them civilians. Injured people are uncountable.

The high casualty rates are due to the way it fights. The USA bombs the enemy to rubble, then moves in a few troops supported by large numbers of indigenous mercenaries to deny the rubble to the enemy.

Take two countries the size of the USA and put them side by side. The land area is less than Russia. Russia is huge. Its entire population is technically literate.

In the USA, only elites are educated. The vast majority of Americans are poorly trained, because public education is underfunded and neglected. Under the American system, education doesn’t generate profits for the wealthy, so they won’t support it.

Because America is segregated by race and income, it is difficult for visitors to get a sense of how poor the general population is. Wealthy Americans are in complete denial of the simple truth that their country is a train wreck for 75% of the people who live in it.

People with the money to travel don’t explore urban ghettos or rural wastelands. They don’t know things, nor do they want to know.

The USA has the world’s biggest and cruelest prison system for a reason.

Think about it.

Every country in the world, including Russia, is trying to avoid the wrath of the United States. They say nice things to us, so we won’t hurt them. They build as much deterrence as they can to avoid being attacked or embargoed.

It’s simple, really.

KILLING FRENZY

11 – Has anyone considered leaving the USA because of the gun laws?

Anyone who has to carry a gun to feel safe is living in the wrong place. My recommendation is to move to safety ASAP.

The guns that many civilians own today inflict shattering injuries that no one who is shot can recover from. The slugs are high velocity and tumble. They are designed in non-conformance with the Geneva accords and are diabolical workarounds.

I would rather die myself than fire one of these weapons at another human being, no matter what they’ve done.

We have police and soldiers who are trained to inflict mayhem when necessary to protect civilians from human predation. Why not let them do their jobs while we civilians throw our war guns away?

Carrying a high-powered weapon into a wild area that is rife with people-eating predators might be a good idea under some circumstances. I don’t have a problem with defense-by-gun against wild animals who might be trying to kill for food or fun.

My recommendation is to travel in wild areas in a way that doesn’t unnecessarily encourage attack by dumb and innocent animals — because, can we face facts? — they don’t know any better.

Animals have a right to live in a natural way and not be provoked. People are smart enough to travel in the wild and avoid unnecessary contacts with carnivores.

ILLUSIONS

12- What would happen to Hitler if he was captured today?

Well, I believe he would be released and featured in the next GOP presidential debates, win the Republican nomination, lose the popular vote by millions in the general election but win the electoral college, and become president.

As a lunatic with delusions of grandeur, he might do very well indeed.

I don’t think he would kill nearly a hundred million people like he did the last time around. It is more likely closer to two billion. But hey, that leaves five billion humans to abase themselves before him, so it would be worth it, right?

Republicans, can I hear an Amen?

BILLIONAIRE CHRISTIANS

13 – Would you consider the USA a noble superpower when compared to other superpowers like Russia and China?

The billionaires who run the USA believe that private ownership is noble and that public ownership is ignoble. They are in a war against any form of socialism or collectivism.

Since the end of WW2, the wealthy have used the military power of the United States to attack one-fourth of the 195 countries on the earth to prevent a cascade of civilizations into communism. This war has, with a few exceptions, been enormously successful.

Today, they are fighting to consolidate their power. The billionaires of Russia, China, Israel, and the USA are dividing up the world like the New York City crime families of a few generations ago (watch the Godfather Trilogy or read the book by Mario Puzo).

Private ownership (called Capitalism) is a permutation of slavery that can be corrupting to democratic governance — as is obvious to any observer of U.S. history.

CAPITALISM AND INCOME INEQUALITY

CIVILIZATION AND INEQUALITY

KILLING FRENZY

14 – How do you interpret human consciousness? Are you the center of the universe?

Consciousness is the fundamental and foundational principle of the universe. Conscious life plugs into this foundational consciousness in a way analogous to televisions plugging into a cable outlet. A television can be unplugged and replaced. But the cable programming continues. It is eternal. Consciousness is at the center of the universe. Conscious life is at the periphery.

CONSCIOUS LIFE

15 – How would slavery have evolved in society if it was not seen as morally wrong?

“Capitalism” is the modern term for slavery. Owners of plantations, factories, and other businesses accrue the benefits of the plantation owners of former times.

Instead of providing slave quarters and food to their slaves, they pay a tiny stipend (called a minimum wage) to their laborers, which frees owners from the additional responsibility of caring for and protecting workers.

Putting the burden of housing, food, health care, and transportation on the backs of low-paid workers is called “freedom.”

The legal system disciplines unruly workers, while the state unemployment system helps dissatisfied owners replace those workers they believe are unfit.

For a small percentage of Americans, it’s a beautiful system.

Because the USA segregates workers both by race and income, most poor people don’t interact with the wealthy. This lack of contact between rich and poor reduces conflict and promotes peaceful living.

SEGREGATION AND THE GATED COMMUNITY

16 – Who was the most powerful human being that ever lived?

The most powerful person in human history was Jesus of Nazareth.

Modern calendars are organized based on the date of his birth. No one else holds that honor.

He taught the world that love — and suffering to love and save others — is what makes life worth living.

Billions have submitted their lives to the cause of Jesus, the Christ. No other human comes close.

JESUS, THE CHRIST

17 – Which among these countries is the best to live? Canada, USA or Australia? Why?

My question is, which country is the best place to live if you are poor? Most people are born poor.

If people go on living by being born again after they die, the odds that they will be born impoverished is high regardless of how well they lived in their prior life. That’s why its important to make the world a good place to live for impoverished people.

Does anyone seriously believe that they only live once? Consciousness continues somewhere, and it’s all there is, right? Absent conscious-life the universe can have no meaning.

I believe Cuba is the best place to live if you are poor, because it has a good climate and the government tries to provide services to ordinary people that are available only to the well-to-do in places like Canada, Australia, and the USA.

People might want to go to Cuba to find out how the poor live on that island. Then come back and observe how the poor live in their own countries.

The United States is segregated by income and wealth, so it’s hard to find poor people if you are rich, and if you are poor it is impossible to meet rich people.

CUBA HEY GUEVARA

CONSCIOUS LIFE

18 – Trump wants to develop a lot of smaller, “tactical” nukes. Should the US use these against North Korea?
 
The USA bombed North Korea back to the Stone Age during the Korean War.

It killed an estimated two million civilians. The bombing was led by General Curtis LeMay of the Strategic Air Command who later partnered with George Wallace when he ran for president back in the 1960s and carried several states including Michigan (if I remember it right).

Wallace was a white supremacist. The Air Force’s own official historians have called LeMay’s bombing of North Korea the cruelest use of military power in world history.

This is the same General who destroyed 67 Japanese cities and burned their populations alive with napalm (fire-jelly) during WW2.

North Korea has done nothing to justify a military strike against its territory.

Nuclear weapons of any size or type should never be used in war, especially when there is nothing to be gained but the reputation for being a monster.

What does Korea have that we could possibly want? The answer is, nothing.

We have a choice to make: are we good or evil? Our destiny depends on how we answer that question.

KILLING FRENZY

47 TONS

19 – I am terrified of single-payer systems as implemented in socialist countries. Can this happen in the US? Was Obama trying to give everyone healthcare all along?

The USA is based on a slave system (now referred to as capitalism or free-market) where the owners of the plantations have doctors, which they share with their favorite house slaves. The field hands get nothing. The plantation owners are terrified that they might have to share their doctors with “unworthy” people should a slave revolt occur, so they have built the world’s most massive prison system to isolate slaves who might dare challenge the status quo.

In other words, people have to work for the right company and have the right job to get access to free health care. Very few do.

The system is so simple, a child can understand it.

Obama threw a wrench into the system by making it possible for people who work for the wrong companies (or who don’t work at all, for whatever reason) to buy access to health care for a reduced fee. Care is still expensive, but it’s not totally out of reach anymore for about three-quarters of the population.

In Cuba (for example) every neighborhood and apartment complex has a doctor assigned to it. What could be more effective than walking down the hall or across the street to be evaluated? If necessary folks are referred for further treatment to a hospital. Otherwise they get the meds they need, and that’s as complicated and inconvenient as it gets.

I grew up in a Navy family. We had free health care. If you got sick, you just drove to the base hospital and the doctors evaluated you. No paper work, no fees. It was a “single-payer” socialized system of medicine. It was better than what we have today as civilians except that protocols, equipment, and medicines are more effective today than they were sixty years ago when I was in that Navy system.

It’s hard for me to believe that this is a serious question by a serious person, but clueless people in the USA are subject to sophisticated behavioral modification protocols due to the immense amount of money that is involved in medicine and drugs, as well as guns, entertainment, food, and transportation.

So it isn’t surprising that people fear a lot of things that aren’t dangerous and are oblivious to dangers that are serious. It’s all about helping a relatively few families and cartels sequester the lion’s share of our nation’s resources.

Someday, maybe things will become more fair than they are now. I hope so.

OBAMA CARE AND THE LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES

CAPITALISM AND INCOME INEQUALITY

20 – Why is it assumed that America invented slavery when slavery has been around for much of human history?

America practiced one of the cruelest forms of slavery. It is the only country in the western hemisphere where slave revolts were successfully suppressed.

Today, slavery has been renamed; it is called capitalism. In the USA, slaves are called workers and are free to live outside the gated communities of the wealthy. Workers are segregated by income to minimize the possibility of unrest.

The USA continues to prevent a successful slave revolt by maintaining the largest prison system by far that the world has ever known.

ARMAGEDDON

SEGREGATION AND THE GATED COMMUNITY

21 – What was the worst year of slavery?

Two-thirds of white people came to America as slaves, called indentured servants. This practice started 150 years before the country became a constitutional republic and continued for many decades after. Indentured servitude was a seven year term of slavery that ended in freedom.

For Africans slavery was permanent. 100% of Africans came to America as slaves for life. There were notable exceptions. Billy Lee, George Washington’s slave and best friend, was set free when George Washington died; Billy Lee continued to live on GW’s Mount Vernon estate as a free man until his death.

WHO IS BILLY LEE?

22 – Is it true that until humans become one nation, we will never go further than Mars?
 
Organizing a human mission to Mars is expensive and dangerous. A coalition of nations might be able to manage the expense and risk.

Elon Musk’s company, SpaceX, is planning a Mars mission. I haven’t heard how the company plans to finance it.

Mars has an iron-nickel core like the earth, but it froze solid many millions of years ago. The magnetic field collapsed, which permitted the solar wind to blow away most of the planet’s atmosphere.

Any biological life forms on or near its surface will have to withstand the stress of continuous, high-energy radiation and the bombardment by cosmic particles with the energy of baseballs.

Travel to planets or moons as far as Jupiter and beyond will take many years.

Unless humans are heavily sedated, it is doubtful that they will be able to endure a journey of several years in a cramped space vehicle. They will lose muscle mass and possibly their sanity — certainly their perspectives that help them maintain a sense of normalcy.

Successful functioning by humans on an alien moon or planet after a journey of several years might not be possible no matter who organizes the trip or what precautions are taken.

FINDING LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE

23 – To Christians: Which scientific claims are incompatible with your faith, and why?

Science confirms my faith, because it seems to be saying that reality is mind-boggling; the odds against a universe constructed like ours with its unusual forces and constants seems to be infinite.

Jesus came to save the ignorant and the despised of the world, which is pretty much everyone. He avoided the subject of science altogether, for good reason.

No reasonable person can believe that the universe started with the big bang of a singularity that then inflated rapidly to create the conditions for conscious life with enough intelligence to understand its origins. That’s cray-cray, but it’s how some astronomers explain the universe.

Even with all we know, the underlying reality of existence remains a complete mystery. If Jesus came to Earth today, would he talk science to humanity?

I seriously doubt it. I don’t believe humans are hard-wired to understand how the universe works or what reality is. We evolved in an unusually safe place and time in the universe and carry with us all the peculiarities and idiosyncrasies that accompany our unlikely presence.

The Bible says plainly that one day people who have ridiculed God will be asked why they didn’t look up at the night sky and wonder why it is that they are so small and dark while the night sky is so large and bright.

How could serious people have missed such an important clue? How could anyone misunderstand their predicament and not concede the possibility that one day they might realize their hopes and dreams through the love of God who created, cares for, and protects them?

SENSING THE UNIVERSE

RESURRECTION

24 – Keeping the knowledge you have today, would you rather travel a thousand years into the future, or a thousand years into the past?

The risks to survival that faced individuals a thousand years ago far exceed the risks that people will face a thousand years from now—if humans survive another thousand years.

The counter-intuitive statistical reality is that the odds against species survival are actually higher than odds against survival of any individual human, should individual humans achieve viability during the next thousand years.

Most analysts of risk are suggesting that homo sapiens do not have much time left before extinction overwhelms them.

The geological record shows that at least two human-like species have already gone extinct. The particular species that thrives today (us) faces risks brought on by its technological expertise, which is certain to destroy it eventually.

I would choose to go forward in time, but I would do so with a great deal of fear knowing the old adage that curiosity kills the cat.

If everything turns out all right, the big question would be, how do uneducated, stupid people do in this new world?

Because uneducated and stupid is exactly what anyone will become who dares travel into a future one-thousand years more advanced than today.

RISK

25 – What are ways one can approach a complex idea that we don’t understand?

Complex ideas are of two kinds: ideas that one or more people understand but others don’t; and ideas which no one understands.

In the case where certain humans exist who understand a complex idea, the objective should be to learn what they know either by talking to them or reading what they have published. By this process, maybe folks can gather enough clues to guide them to further inquiries, which will lead eventually to understanding.

Many complex ideas require skills in certain subsets of knowledge like mathematics, languages, logic, philosophy, and the technical arts (such as metallurgy or whatnot) to make progress.

In the case where a complex idea can be demonstrated and stated but no one understands it (an example is “entanglement” in quantum physics), the approach is different. In these cases, it may not be possible to create a model of any kind in anyone’s mind to reduce the annoying dissonance that comes from not understanding.

People waste a lot of time — some go mad — trying to understand ideas no one understands or will ever understand. Most people seem to believe (in error, it seems to me) that everything can be understood if smart people work hard and are clever.

The idea, which I believe, is that complete understanding is not possible; it is a complex idea that no one understands, including me.

TRUTH

BONUS QUESTION 1 – In history, humans have fought and killed each other for every piece of land on the Earth. Why has the massive continent of Antarctica always been out of that conflict?

This absence of conflict may be coming to an end. A National Geographic reporter has been reporting on alarming developments in Antarctica over the past several years that the fake news has all but ignored.

ANTARCTICA

BONUS QUESTION 2 – Why did mankind invent religion?

As far as I can tell, no records of an ancient civilization without religion have been discovered. I think that it is very scary to be suddenly aware that you exist and not know why — especially at night when wild animals roam freely, and the sky is full of lights that should not be there.

LOSING MY RELIGION

Billy Lee

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